逄金波
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根据最近发表在《纳米技术》杂志上的一项研究，一组研究人员成功地生产了氧等离子体处理的 3D 石墨烯，以提高甲醛检测率。
研究： 一种基于富氧三维石墨烯的有效甲醛气体传感器。图片来源：Egorov Artem/Shutterstock.com
三维 (3D) 石墨烯由于其大的高表面积和高电导率而在化学传感应用中具有很大的前景。石墨烯上吸附的气体颗粒充当电子供体，导致电导增加。
基于 3D 石墨烯的纳米传感器仍然存在一些问题，例如延迟反应和延长恢复期。因此，研究工作继续集中在提高化学气体传感器的活性上。
石墨烯是一种二维 (2D) 材料，具有出色的电化学氧化还原特性。
这些特性包括高弹性模量和断裂压力、良好的导电性、优异的热渗透性、降低的接触阻抗、高柔韧性、大表面电荷以及最大的光学透明度和弹性。
因此，石墨烯可用于制造高质量的轻质结构、药物和药物输送系统、半导体、电子元件、可穿戴电子设备和储能系统。
由于其独特的 3D 纳米孔隙结构和可能的表面改性，二维石墨烯的三维 (3D) 等效物被广泛用于气体分子检测器。
与其他碳纳米结构相比，石墨烯具有强电导和高潜在表面积。
对于气体检测，石墨烯具有广阔的应用前景。
各种浓度和结构的气体吸附材料以各种方式与三维石墨烯结合。因为微弱的范德华力将气体颗粒结合到石墨烯上，所以可以使用简单的电子系统测量石墨烯的阻抗。
与纳米材料相比，3D 石墨烯由于其高质量的晶格而具有最小的电磁干扰，可防止过度的电荷变化。此外，基于化学感受器的传感方式具有设备成本低、制造简单和立即检测的优点。
随着现代生活条件的改善，对气体测量的规定越来越严格，对污染预防、车辆排放和环境污染的重视程度越来越高。
室内和汽车尾气排放危害公众健康，已成为全球性问题。
甲醛是当前危险气体中流行且良好的代表。它是一种半透明的可溶性刺激性气体，存在于墙纸等环氧树脂装饰材料中，并且不稳定。
长时间暴露于较低水平可能会诱发哮喘、癌症和人类异常，而 20 至 100 ppm 的高水平对健康极为不利。
因此，可靠的甲醛检测仪是一项迫切的健康需求。一些甲醛检测仪使用安培法，需要紫外线照射或蛋白质作为接收器，易受复合物形成的影响，因此长期耐用性较弱或需要特殊的储存性。
传统的半导体探测器需要较高的工作温度或来自外部的紫外线刺激。
另一方面，石墨烯在低工作温度下具有高电导率，并且可以与半导体氧化物结合以增加表面积和电导率。
由于金属纳米粒子提供的电子传输路径，石墨烯/金属氧化物复合材料可以提高甲醛传感器的精度。
在这项研究中，研究人员评估了 3D 石墨烯与各种处理方法的结构性能相关性。
他们使用了三种方法来处理 3D 石墨烯，包括未处理、HNO 3剥离和氧等离子体处理，并使用甲醛作为说明来证明它们在化学感受器中用于传感应用的用途。
研究人员用氧等离子体处理的 3D 石墨烯制造了化学感受器，并以甲醛为参考展示了出色的气体感应能力。
与未处理和 HNO 3消融相比，氧等离子体处理被证明是用胺基和醛电荷官能化石墨烯的最有效方法。
依赖于氧等离子体处理的 3D 石墨烯的卓越气体传感能力表明了拓扑交联。与纯 3D 石墨烯相比，反应时间减少了 34%，恢复期减少了 38%。
此外，用氧等离子体进行 15 分钟的预处理可实现最大的气敏效率。这些发现可能会加速基于化学感受器的传感应用的研究。
张，S.等人。（2022 年）。基于富氧三维石墨烯的有效甲醛气体传感器。纳米技术。可在：https ://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/ac4eb4
https://www.azonano.com/news.aspx?newsID=38608
AZoNano评价 逄金波通讯作者工作 氧处理的三维石墨烯用于甲醛传感器
According to a study published recently in the journal Nanotechnology, a group of researchers successfully produced oxygen plasma-treated 3D graphene for increased formaldehyde detection.
Study: An effective formaldehyde gas sensor based on oxygen-rich three-dimensional graphene. Image Credit: Egorov Artem/Shutterstock.com
Three-dimensional (3D) graphene has a great promise for chemical sensing applications due to its large high surface area and intense electric conductance. Adsorbed gas particles on graphene act as electron donors, causing an increase in conductance.
Several problems, such as delayed reaction and extended recovery period, persist for 3D graphene-based nanosensors. As a result, research efforts continue to focus on increasing the activity of chemical gas sensors.
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material with exceptional electrochemical redox characteristics.
High Elastic modulus and breakage pressure, good electrical conductance, excellent heat permeability, reduced contact impedance, high flexibility, large surface charge, and maximum optical transparency and elasticity are among these properties.
As a result, graphene can be used to create high-quality lightweight structures, medicinal and drug delivery systems, semiconductors, electronic components, wearable electronics, and energy storage systems.
The three-dimensional (3D) equivalent of 2D graphene is extensively employed in gas molecule detectors due to its distinctive 3D nano porosity structure and possible surface modification.
Graphene has a strong conductance and a high, potential surface area when compared to other carbon nanostructures.
For gas detection, graphene has promising potential use.
Various concentrations and architectures of gas adsorbent materials engage with three-dimensional graphene in various ways. Because weak Van der Waals forces bind the gas particles onto graphene, the impedance of graphene may be measured using simple electronic systems.
In comparison to nanomaterials, 3D graphene has minimal electromagnetic interference due to its high-quality crystalline lattice, which prevents excessive charge changes. Furthermore, chemoreceptor-based sensing modalities provide the benefits of low-cost apparatus, simple manufacturing, and immediate detection.
Increasing stringent regulations for gas measurement have been implemented as modern living conditions have improved, and more emphasis has been paid to pollution prevention, vehicle emissions, and environmental contamination.
Indoor and automobile vehicle emissions endanger public health and have become a global problem.
Formaldehyde is a popular and good representation among the current dangerous gases. It is a translucent, soluble irritating gas that is found in epoxy decorating materials like wallpaper and is unstable.
Prolonged exposure to lesser levels may induce asthma, cancer, and abnormalities in human beings, while high levels of 20 to 100 ppm are extremely bad for health.
As a result, a reliable formaldehyde detector is an urgent health demand. Some formaldehyde detectors use amperometric approaches, which need UV irradiation or proteins as receivers, which are susceptible to the complex formation and thus have weak long-term durability or necessitate particular storability.
A traditional semiconductor detector needs a high operating temperature or UV-light stimulation from the outside.
Graphene, on the other hand, has a high electrical conductance at low operating temperatures and may be combined with semiconducting oxides to increase surface area and conductance.
Due to the electron transport pathways supplied by the metallic nanoparticles, graphene/metal oxide composite materials can enhance the accuracy of formaldehyde sensors.
In this study, the researchers evaluated the structural performance correlations of 3D graphene with various treatments.
They used three methods to treat 3D graphene, including untreated, HNO3 exfoliation, and oxygen plasma processing and used formaldehyde as an illustration to demonstrate their use in chemoreceptors for sensing applications.
The researchers created chemoreceptors out of oxygen plasma-treated 3D graphene and exhibited great gas-sensing capability using formaldehyde as a reference.
In comparison to nontreatment and HNO3 ablation, oxygen plasma processing proved to be the most effective method for functionalizing graphene with the amine groups and aldehyde charges.
The superior gas-sensing capability relying on oxygen plasma processed 3D graphene indicated the topological crosslinking. When compared to pure 3D graphene, the reaction time was reduced by 34% and the recovery period was reduced by 38%.
Furthermore, 15 minutes of pretreatment with oxygen plasma resulted in maximum gas-sensing efficiency. These discoveries are likely to accelerate research in chemoreceptor-based sensing applications.
Zhang, S. et al. (2022). An effective formaldehyde gas sensor based on oxygen-rich three-dimensional graphene. Nanotechnology. Available at: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/ac4eb4
Written by
Hussain graduated from Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad with Bachelors in Aerospace Engineering. During his studies, he worked on several research projects related to Aerospace Materials & Structures, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Nano-technology & Robotics. After graduating, he has been working as a freelance Aerospace Engineering consultant. He developed an interest in technical writing during sophomore year of his B.S degree and has wrote several research articles in different publications. During his free time, he enjoys writing poetry, watching movies and playing Football.
